The concept of “harmonious personality” has several definitions. But they all boil down to one meaning, reminiscent of the famous expression of A.P. Chekhov that everything in a person should be beautiful.
What is a harmonious personality? This is a person whose inner world is in a state of balance.
Inner harmony occurs when a person understands himself, knows his strengths and weaknesses, makes plans and brings them to life. External harmony is a favorable productive relationship between a person and the surrounding world.
This is the consistency of thoughts and actions, words and deeds. All these correspondences must manifest themselves in every area of human life - be it profession, family or creativity.
A harmonious personality in psychology is coordination of actions with the outside world and a balanced lifestyle.
A comprehensively harmoniously developed personality is a person who:
- does what he loves;
- has a useful social circle;
- Conveniently distributes time between work and hobbies;
- enjoys life;
- feels happy.
The concepts of “harmonious personality” and “harmonious development” have different semantic content. A person who feels joy from life is not always harmoniously developed. He may be more competent in one area and be a complete ignoramus in others. The harmonious development of a person presupposes a normal level of physical, moral, intellectual and aesthetic indicators for her age.
When raising a child, the environment must create conditions for him in which all natural inclinations will develop equally. He must learn the rules of a healthy lifestyle, the need to engage in physical activity, and learn something new constantly.
Humanistic model of child development
In modern pedagogy, the leading idea is the education of a harmonious, developed personality using a humanistic model.
To become a harmonious personality, a child must develop comprehensively.
Its main positions:
- Every person is unique.
- For him, the formation of moral values is mandatory.
- A person must understand the meaning of his existence.
- Each individual must be internally free, which is expressed in the desire to improve himself.
Since a person is an integral system, he should be studied from different sides. At the same time, it is important to understand how he sees the world and himself in it. You need to realize that he is an active and creative individual.
The internal development of a person lasts throughout life. This process is individual and has different intensity. Only active actions will lead to a positive result. If you don’t make any effort to do this, then you can remain mediocre - not interesting or attractive to anyone.
At any age, you can improve your quality of life through inner growth. Reading books, learning foreign languages, embodying your youthful ideas, creativity, communicating with interesting people help this process.
Transformation conditions
There are external and internal factors that influence a person’s personal development.
External:
- influence of the social environment;
- family education;
- education.
The social environment influences the development of personality.
Internal factors include the natural characteristics and inclinations of a person, his attractions, as well as a range of feelings that arise under the influence of external factors.
A harmoniously developed personality should be the result of the manifestation of these factors. Such a person is usually cheerful and self-confident. And if he is at peace with himself, then those around him see him as an interesting interlocutor and friend.
You can start taking care of yourself at any age, but it is better to do it from childhood. Human improvement is possible throughout life. The main thing is to have a great desire and active actions.
Under what conditions does harmonious personality development occur? These include:
- Physical education.
- Moral education (developing a line of behavior that corresponds to the norms of society).
- Mental education (formation of thinking skills, analysis, memory, concentration, etc.).
- Aesthetic education (the ability to perceive harmony and beauty in nature and art).
All these areas of education must be interconnected.
Disharmonious personality development
A conversation about disharmonious personality development should begin, apparently, with how we generally understand what harmonious and what disharmonious development is. diversified personality development will also arise , which in itself requires the formation of diverse abilities and interests that correspond to various spheres of human life .
When we talk about a diversified personality, it is naturally assumed that this development will be harmonious. Harmonious relationships between the individual and the world mean unity with it, with people and with oneself. Such a person is a moral person. Violation of moral standards for him is a violation of the integrity of his own personality.
The formation of a harmoniously developed personality is associated with the formation of a hierarchical structure of motives and values: the dominance of higher levels (the levels of motives and values are determined, starting with personal motives - through the interests of loved ones, the team, society - universal human motives and goals).
The presence of such hierarchies does not violate the harmony of the individual, because complexity and multiplicity of interests in the presence of the indicated dominant provide a variety of connections with the world and overall stability. Having one goal, being immersed in one activity, narrowing the circle of communication and problems most often leads to its disharmony (in the presence of elementary integrity).
A systemic parameter characterizing a harmonious personality is a high level of balance in the relationships of various personal formations (needs, motives, value orientations, self-esteem, real self and ideal self, etc.).
A disharmonious personality is characterized by various disturbances in the emotional, cognitive, moral and behavioral spheres. Such violations can predetermine overcompensation, inadequate self-esteem and level of aspirations.
Psychologists can work with such people, for example, by including them in activities based on externally regulated levels of task difficulty and substantively defined results; applying high empathic relationships; using intense social approval (stroking), etc.
If we are talking about children, we note that as some of them grow older, a need arises to justify their characteristics, and then they begin to treat them as something very valuable.
Such children constantly have conflicts with people around them, doubts and a feeling of dissatisfaction associated with underestimation, in their own opinion, of their personality. Other children continue to internalize moral values, which, when in conflict with the characteristics of their personality, causes them constant internal discord with themselves.
As a result, children with irresistible affect develop into people who are always at odds with themselves and have many negative character traits. Unfortunately, such children often grow up to be socially maladapted and prone to crime...
People with a disharmonious personality organization are not just “self-oriented” individuals. These are people with a dual (or multiple) orientation, people who are in conflict with themselves, people, one might say, with a split personality, in whom the conscious in their mental life and unconscious affects are in constant struggle.
The external conditions of the conflict boil down mainly to the fact that the satisfaction of any deep and active motives and relationships of the individual is under threat or becomes completely impossible.
The internal conditions of a psychological conflict come down to contradictions either between various motives and relationships of the individual, or between his capabilities and aspirations (just remember that the internal conditions of a psychological conflict in a person rarely arise spontaneously, and, above all, are determined by the external situation, history formation of personality, its psychophysiological organization).
One of the reasons for the development of disharmony in a schoolchild’s personality may be the phenomenon of a “semantic barrier.” The emergence of such a phenomenon is due to the fact that the adult, influencing the child, does not take into account or pay attention to the fact that she has activated [currently] needs and aspirations.
The child has a conflict between his immediate desire and the desire to fulfill what the adult requires of him. Often he is not able to consciously yield to a certain desire of an adult, and then a special defensive reaction arises: the child ceases to hear and understand the demand, although in fact he simply does not perceive the content of the words addressed to him.
A semantic barrier can also arise in relation to a specific person, regardless of what demands he puts forward. A semantic barrier in relation to a particular person is formed, of course, as a result of such actions by an adult (teacher, father, mother) that cause conflict, do not take into account the true motives of the child’s behavior, or attribute to him motives that actually do not exist.
In order to prevent the emergence of a semantic barrier when a conflict situation arises, it is often simply necessary to find out how the child himself understands the reason for his action. At the same time, it is important to maintain goodwill towards the child; here we need a friendly conversation between people interested in finding the causes of the conflict together and trying to eliminate it. To avoid a semantic barrier, you should not constantly repeat those demands and reproaches to which the child does not respond.
Let us add: a harmoniously developed human personality usually means a person who has a certain worldview, is aware of his place in society, his life goals, and is able to act independently to realize these goals. Therefore, issues of formation of worldview, self-awareness and independence are of great importance in the education of the individual.
The properties of a child’s personality are influenced by the innate biological characteristics of the body, but they do not predetermine its development. Any external influences are mediated, carried out through internal conditions, and an important physiological component of these internal conditions is the properties of the nervous system.
Perhaps they should not be considered as decisive - what is more important for the child’s personality is the social conditions of upbringing, the specific historical/social/family environment in which he develops, his way of life.
So, personal harmony is achieved only when a ’s conscious aspirations are in full accordance with his immediate , often unconscious desires .
The motivating power of such unconscious formations is so great , in conditions of contradiction with a person’s conscious aspirations they lead to acute affective conflicts that distort and even break the human personality .
Affective experiences arising as a result of a conflict of multidirectional motivational tendencies, under certain conditions, become the source of the formation of a disharmonious personality.
Acute emotional reactions and negativistic behavior are characteristic of children who, as a result of past experience, have firmly established inflated self-esteem and a corresponding inflated level of aspirations. These children strive at all costs to prove to others and, most importantly, to themselves that their self-esteem is correct, that they are really capable of achieving what they want, including the corresponding assessment of others.
Among the affective ones there are also children with inadequately low self-esteem , who are constantly afraid of discovering their imaginary inadequacy. But this kind of self-doubt is only the reverse side of the desire for self-affirmation and serves as a defense mechanism against the possibility of not being at the level of the child’s too high aspirations.
Emotional experiences associated with the fact that the child does not want to admit the thought of his failure and therefore rejects his failure, distortedly perceiving and interpreting all the facts indicating his defeat, in total can lead to the so-called affect of inadequacy .
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Children with such affect really do not understand the real reason for either their failure or their emotional state. At the same time, the affect of inadequacy lasts especially long in those children whose imaginary self-confidence is constantly supported by temporary or partial success.
disharmonious structure of the child’s begins to take shape : in consciousness – high self-esteem , high aspirations , the desire to be at the level of one’s imaginary capabilities , both in one’s own eyes and in the eyes of other people , and in the area of unconscious mental processes – self-doubt , which the child does not want to admit into consciousness .
Children with such an irresistible affect develop into people who are always at odds with others and with themselves, and who have many negative character traits. Often these children turn out to be socially unadapted people.
It should be said that incorrect, pathological development, characterized by disharmony in the sensory and volitional spheres, leads to what can be called personality psychopathology .
The etiology of psychopathy is also associated with genetic, hereditary causes, with exogenous factors acting in the early steps of ontogenesis; naturally, the possibility of the formation of psychopathy under the influence of long-term environmental causes that deform the development of the child’s personality cannot be ruled out.
And, let’s add, the shortcomings of upbringing...
The taxonomy of psychopathy has not been completely established today, but you can use the following:
- constitutional , having a hereditary origin - the degree of their severity is largely determined by the influence of the environment;
- organic , in which anomalies develop as a result of the action on the developing brain of intrauterine and early postnatal dangerous/harmful factors, leading to toxicosis, birth injuries, and somatic diseases.
Constitutional psychopathy includes schizoid , epileptoid , cycloid , psychasthenic and hysteroid psychopathy.
Organic psychopathy is associated with early damage to the nervous system in the prenatal period, during childbirth, and in the first years of life.
It is known that a long-term adverse effect of psychotraumatic factors on a child’s brain can lead to an irreversible restructuring of his emotional-volitional sphere and personality as a whole. Of course, the biological prerequisites that determine the strength, balance, and mobility of the psyche constitute the genetic basis of higher nervous activity, on the basis of which personality is formed in the process of socialization, under the influence of external influences.
In childhood, the fundamental social cause is still education and training.
As reasons determining the pathological formation of personality, we also note the disharmonious course of the period of sexual development. In general, the following mechanisms for the formation of pathocharacterological development :
– consolidation of pathological reactions of refusal, opposition, overcompensation, imitation, etc., appearing in response to psychotraumatic actions and subsequently becoming personality traits;
– specific reinforcement by negative influences of certain or other pathological character traits (excitability, hysteria, etc.).
When analyzing the pathocharacterological formation of personality, the following options can be distinguished:
affectively excitable;
braked;
hysterical;
unbalanced.
Let's clarify:
- The affectively excitable version of the pathological-actorological formation of personality is justified by the influences of an unfavorable environment: long conflict situations, parental drunkenness, quarrels, anger of family members towards each other. In such families, the child develops traits of affective explosiveness, a tendency to discharge irritation and anger, and an increased readiness for conflicts. A gradual change in character is determined by a shift in mood towards gloominess and malice;
- an inhibited (inhibiting) version of the pathological development of personality often develops with overprotection , when authoritarianism and despotic upbringing destroy independence and enterprise in a child, making him shy, timid, touchy, and later passive.
Close to this option in terms of the conditions of its appearance and clinical-psychological structure is the neurotic formation of personality, which manifests itself when a long-term psychotraumatic situation at home actually leads to the development of neurosis in the child, and then to the formation of cowardice, hypochondriasis, and a disposition to worry and anxiety. Neurotic personality development is often observed in somatically weakened children under unfavorable environmental conditions;
- The hysterical variant of pathological personality development is more often observed in girls and is detected in families where the child is raised in conditions of overprotection, an unduly inflated assessment of his appearance and capabilities (“family idol”). But this option can also exist in families that have long-term conflicts as a reaction of protest;
- an unbalanced (unstable) variant of psychological development is justified by criteria that take into account the lack of instilling in the child a sense of responsibility, a habit of volitional effort, and the ability to overcome difficulties. The immaturity of the emotional-volitional sphere is also noticeable here by the appearance of excessive impulsiveness, sensory instability, and suggestibility. Essentially, this type of pathological personality development can be considered a variant of psychogenic psychological infantilism , a component of delayed psychological development .
Let's also talk about a special type of abnormal psychological development - the disharmonious course of the period from maturation : both its acceleration and delay . Such developmental anomalies are also associated with genetics and environmental factors. In the presence of an unfavorable environment, pathological traits caused by a deviation in the rate of maturation have every chance of becoming prerequisites for the pathological development of the individual with phenomena of affective excitability, disinhibition of passions, and antisocial behavior.
How to recognize harmony
In psychology, the following signs of a harmonious personality are identified:
- good physical and psychological well-being of a person;
- positive feelings and emotions prevail;
- a generally positive assessment of oneself, with a clear understanding of one’s shortcomings;
- desire to improve oneself;
- friendly attitude towards people;
- the ability to achieve what is planned;
- a feeling of satisfaction with work, relationships with family and friends;
- health care;
- the desire to comprehend universal human values, beauty and harmony in all spheres of life.
A person will consider himself happy if he is comfortable and interested in all areas of life.
In a harmoniously developed person, positive feelings prevail over negative ones.
What is harmony?
Let's start from the very beginning, namely, what is harmony? This is the balance that exists between a person's feelings, thoughts and actions. A certain consistency of his desires, actions and words.
There are two types of harmony:
- internal;
- external.
Inner harmony means a deep understanding of oneself. A person does not have any internal contradictions, because he has completely accepted himself, his shortcomings and advantages.
A person who is in external harmony does not experience any problems with the outside world. He has good relationships with people and is also successful in other areas of life. For example, in:
- family;
- hobby;
- self-development;
- professions;
- creativity.
In all this there is a consistency of values, beliefs, actions and feelings. He has a productive and quiet life.
Principles of self-development
How to become a harmonious person? A self-improvement system will help with this. But there are factors that slow down this process. These are psychological traumas received in childhood, upbringing in the family, and the child’s close environment.
There are many ways to overcome this problem. These are psychological techniques on how to become a harmonious person. They help bring all elements of life into harmony.
Psychologists say that for the harmonious development of a person it is necessary to: take care of health, be physically strong, comprehend science, respect others, express oneself by developing one’s talents, and grow spiritually.
