Eyes are one of the most important organs for humans, connected to the brain and other organs. Based on the information provided by the eyes, a person performs certain actions, orients himself in space, and forms the perception of actions and objects.
Some people, due to heredity, cannot use their vision to the fullest. Congenital eye abnormalities occur in 1–2% of all newborns. Modern medicine has found more than 1,200 genes responsible for the possibility of certain diseases.
Many of the hereditary eye diseases are asymptomatic and do not change visual acuity, so a person who lives for a long time may not notice some small changes, and thereby loses precious time.
Pathologies of the optic nerves
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Ischemic neuropathy is a violation of blood flow in the intrabulbar or intraorbital region. Symptoms: decreased visual acuity and viewing angle, “blind” zones appear in certain areas.
Ischemic neuropathy
Neuritis is an infectious disease in which an inflammatory process occurs in the optic nerve. Symptoms: pain, loss of sensitivity in the area around the eye, weakening of the muscles that are located near the affected nerve.
Nerve atrophy is a disease in which conduction in nerve fibers is disrupted. Symptoms: decreased visual acuity, up to complete blindness, impaired color perception, decreased viewing angle.
Stages of optic nerve atrophy
Ophthalmoplegia is a condition in which the motor nerves of the eye stop functioning normally, often resulting in muscle paralysis and the inability to rotate the eyes. Symptoms: the eyes are shifted and fixed in one position.
Ophthalmoplegia
Diplopia – with this disease, a person constantly has double vision, which causes a lot of unpleasant sensations.
This is how a person with diplopia sees
Causes of eye diseases and their treatment
It is very important to regularly undergo a series of diagnostic tests to determine the condition of the eyes and diagnose diseases in the early stages.
What are eye diseases?
Eye diseases are eye pathologies of various etiologies, which are accompanied by disruption of the visual analyzer and a significant decrease in the quality of life.
Etiology of eye diseases
The rapid growth of cardiovascular diseases, the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, as well as the progressive development of information technology reduce visual acuity and human quality of life. There are a number of congenital eye pathologies that require surgical intervention for correction. Due to insufficient adherence to personal hygiene rules, the eyeball can become infected and provoke an inflammatory process.
Causes of eye diseases:
- taking teratogenic drugs during pregnancy;
- previous TORCH infections (toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, herpes);
- failure to comply with personal hygiene rules;
- dry eye syndrome;
- prolonged work in front of a computer and mobile devices;
- presence of diabetes mellitus;
- uncontrolled hypertension;
- traumatic head injuries;
- age-related changes;
- brain tumors.
Classification of eye diseases
All pathologies of the visual apparatus can be divided according to morphological and etiological principles.
Morphological classification of diseases:
- Eyelids (blepharitis, ptosis, ectropion, entropion).
- Lacrimal apparatus (dacryocystitis, epiphora).
- Eye sockets (exophthalmos).
- Conjunctiva (conjunctivitis).
- Corneas (keratoconus, opacities, ulcers, penetrating trauma, electroophthalmia).
- Sclera (scleritis).
- Iris (iridocyclitis).
- Lens (cataract, aphakia, luxation).
- Choroid.
- Retina (retinopathy, detachment, rupture).
- Optic nerve (neuritis, edema, atrophy).
- Muscular system (strabismus, myopia, farsightedness).
Etiological classification of diseases:
- Infectious (bacterial, viral, fungal).
- Traumatic (chemical, thermal, mechanical).
- Non-infectious inflammatory (systemic autoimmune connective tissue diseases).
- Allergic.
- Degenerative.
- Metabolic storage pathologies.
- Oncological neoplasms.
- Hereditary.
Brief descriptions of common eye diseases
Upper eyelid ptosis
This disease is characterized by drooping and drooping of the eyelid over the eyeball. It can be congenital (due to underdevelopment of the muscle that raises the eyelid) and acquired (due to neurological diseases, myasthenia gravis, injuries).
Physiotherapy and medications are used for treatment, and if there are no effects, surgical correction is necessary.
Blepharitis
An inflammatory disease of the eyelids of bacterial etiology, which may be accompanied by the formation of ulcers, scales and pustular rashes around the eyes. Causes severe discomfort, itching and redness.
An effective treatment is antibiotic therapy for local use (drops, ointments).
Exophthalmos
Protruding eyes or exophthalmos are more often a symptom of other pathologies (thyrotoxicosis, tumors of the orbit and brain, injuries). To reduce expressiveness, it is necessary to carry out effective treatment of the underlying disease.
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye and eyelids can be of infectious or allergic etiology. It can often accompany measles, adenoviral infection, and herpetic lesions. Symptoms of the disease
include: redness, itching, increased production of tears, sandy sensation, purulent discharge, film formation. Depending on the cause, antibiotics, antiviral and antihistamine medications are used. It is important to wash your eyes regularly.
Corneal diseases
The cornea protects the eyeball from the external environment. When it is damaged, a scar is formed - a cataract, which has the appearance of cloudiness and, accordingly, limits the viewing angle. Electric welders often develop an occupational disease, electroophthalmia, which is a burn of the conjunctiva and cornea.
Cataract
One of the most common eye diseases is cataracts. It affects on average one in six people over the age of 40. More than 20 million people have gone blind due to this disease. Clouding of the lens occurs due to age-related changes in the substance itself, as well as due to the adverse effects of environmental factors and the presence of concomitant diseases. The function of the lens is to transmit light rays at a certain angle, and due to its clouding, visual acuity and the amount of light entering the retina are reduced.
The only treatment option is phacoemulsification and replacement of the lens with a special lens, which will return people to the ability to see well. More information about the treatment of cataracts can be found in the “operations” section.
Retinal detachment
The causes of separation of the retina from the choroid are most often traumatic eye injuries, diabetic retinopathy, myopia, and cancer. At the time of detachment, patients experience a cloudy image and sparkles before the eyes, which do not go away after washing and rubbing. The sooner patients seek medical help, the greater the chance of maintaining their vision. The only treatment option is surgery to coagulate the retinal tear.
Optic neuritis
Inflammation of the optic nerve most often occurs with autoimmune damage to the myelin sheaths of nerve fibers, as well as with inflammatory processes in brain structures. Patients' vision deteriorates and color perception is impaired. With timely treatment, vision can be restored. This is why it is important to seek medical help immediately when the first symptoms appear.
Eye diseases associated with pathologies of the cardiovascular system
In many people, hypertension is asymptomatic. Increased blood pressure over a long period causes irreversible changes in the retina. Against the background of hypertension, arteriolar spasm occurs. Without pressure correction, fibrosis and hyalinosis occur in the vascular wall. These processes make the vessels fragile and deprive them of elasticity. In the terminal stage of hypertensive retinopathy, swelling of the optic nerve head occurs, hemorrhages and foci of retinal ischemia appear, and retinal detachment and atrophy of the optic nerve head with irreversible loss of vision are also possible.
To prevent the development of hypertensive retinopathy, it is necessary to correct blood pressure.
Eye pathologies in diabetes mellitus
Elevated blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus contribute to the development of multiple organ complications, including eye complications. Patients develop diabetic retinopathy, which is characterized by neovascularization, that is, the formation of new vessels whose walls are fragile and prone to spontaneous damage with the formation of hemorrhages. Diabetes can trigger the development of glaucoma. To avoid such conditions, you need to control blood sugar levels and strengthen the vascular wall to minimize the number of hemorrhages. In later stages, laser coagulation is used.
Congenital pathologies
The prevalence of congenital eye diseases is 1-2% among newborns. The causes of their occurrence are infectious diseases of the mother during pregnancy (toxoplasmosis, rubella, measles), diabetes mellitus, drug and alcohol addiction, and radiation exposure. These include: cataracts, glaucoma, strabismus, dacryocystitis. Diseases require surgical treatment to eliminate the morphological defect. These patients require dynamic medical supervision to prevent the development of relapses.
When should you see a doctor?
In most cases, patients delay the process of visiting a doctor and ignore the symptoms of the disease. This leads to progressive deterioration of vision, which in the terminal stages cannot be corrected. Quite often, eye problems are the consequences of advanced underlying diseases (hypertension, diabetes, brain tumors) and their treatment requires an integrated approach and consultations with other specialists (cardiologists, endocrinologists, neurosurgeons).
Signs of eye disease:
- redness, itching;
- the presence of purulent discharge;
- film formation;
- blurred vision;
- pain in the eyes;
- decreasing viewing angle;
- hemorrhage into the sclera;
- dry eye;
- lacrimation;
- formation of nodes.
If any of the above symptoms appear, you should immediately seek medical help in order to conduct the necessary diagnostic tests and receive qualified treatment.
The main treatment methods used in ophthalmological practice
Treatment of eye disease
requires an individual approach to each patient. The principles of treatment can be divided into invasive and conservative. Most infectious and allergic diseases require medical treatment using antihistamines, local antibiotics, glucocorticosteroids in the form of eye drops and ointments. And such common eye diseases as cataracts, injuries, and retinal detachment require surgical intervention.
Myopia (nearsightedness) and hypermetropia (farsightedness) can be corrected with lenses. But, more effective and comfortable for later life is laser correction, with which you can forget about wearing glasses and contact lenses.
Diseases of the eye sockets, tear ducts and eyelids
Blepharitis is an inflammatory process that occurs along the edges of the eyelids. Signs: redness, swelling and burning of the eyelids, a feeling of the presence of specks in the eye, itching, discharge from the eyes, scabs on the eyelashes after sleep, painful perception of bright light, constant tearing, dryness and soreness in the eyes, the edges of the eyelids may peel off.
Blepharitis
Cryptophthalmos is a rare disease in which the edges of the eyelids fuse together, which leads to a narrowing of the palpebral fissure, up to its complete absence.
Lagophthalmos - the eyelids do not close together completely, as a result of which in some areas they remain constantly open, even during sleep.
Inversion of the eyelid - the edges of the eyelids, on which the eyelashes are located, are turned in relation to the eye socket. This leads to rubbing and constant irritation of the eyeballs, as well as the development of ulcers on the cornea.
Eye disease - entropion
Coloboma is a pathological disorder in the structure of the eyelid. It is often accompanied by other physiological defects - cleft palate, cleft lip and others.
Edema of the eyelid is a disease in which a large amount of fluid accumulates under the skin around the eyelid. Symptoms: redness of the skin in the eyelid area, pain and discomfort in the eyes, which intensifies when touched.
Swelling of the eyelid
Blepharospasm is characterized by uncontrolled contraction of the facial muscles that support the eyes. It looks as if the person suddenly begins to squint.
Ptosis is a disease in which the upper eyelid droops down. There are several types of pathology. In some severe cases, the eyelid may droop so much that it completely covers the eye.
Ptosis
Barley is an inflammatory eye disease accompanied by purulent discharge. Occurs as a result of infection. Symptoms: the edges of the eyelids swell, redden and itch, severe pain is felt when pressing, tears often flow, a feeling of discomfort (foreign body) in the eyes. With the acute development of infection, signs of intoxication may be observed - malaise, weakness, high fever, headaches.
Barley
Trichiasis is a pathological disorder of eyelash growth. The danger of the disease lies in the fact that it facilitates the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the eyes, which is why inflammation of the conjunctiva, eyelids and eyeball often occurs.
Trichiasis
Video: Eye diseases. Symptoms and treatment
Clinical manifestations
Signs of ophthalmological disorders depend primarily on the diagnosis. The most acute are infectious diseases of the eyes and inflammatory processes associated with the influence of traumatic factors. The patient experiences severe pain, swelling and redness of the mucous membrane appears, and pus may be released during infection.
Main symptoms of eye diseases:
- blurred vision;
- swelling of the mucous membrane;
- redness of the sclera;
- purulent discharge;
- pain, sting.
If the symptoms listed above require consultation with a professional. Only a doctor can determine the diagnosis and further treatment measures. Conditions accompanied by infectious complications and rapid loss of vision are especially dangerous. Dangerous pathogens can easily spread through the bloodstream to brain structures, ENT organs and internal organs.
Diseases of the tear-producing system
Dacryoadenitis is a disease that causes inflammation in the lacrimal glands. Appears as a result of chronic diseases or the penetration of infection into the body. In the presence of circulatory disorders, it can become chronic. Signs: swelling and redness develop in the upper eyelid, sometimes the eyeball may protrude. In the absence of timely treatment, the inflammation expands, causing malaise, high fever, and the formation of ulcers.
Acute dacryoadenitis
Dacryocystitis is an infectious inflammatory disease that develops in the lacrimal canal. There are several types - acute or chronic dacryocystitis, as well as acquired or congenital. Symptoms: pain, redness, swelling in the area of the lacrimal sac, constant lacrimation, discharge of pus from the lacrimal canals.
Infectious inflammatory disease - dacryocystitis
Tumors of the lacrimal glands - occur due to abnormalities in the development of the cells that make up the lacrimal glands. There are benign tumors, and there are malignant ones - for example, sarcoma. Symptoms: a growing tumor causes compression of the nerve nodes, which is accompanied by pain in the eyes or head. Sometimes, due to a tumor, the eyeball becomes displaced and eye movement becomes difficult. Other signs of a tumor: swelling, increased intraocular pressure, blurred vision.
Exophthalmos is a pathology characterized by protrusion of the eyeball. Occurs due to swelling of the tissues of the eye orbit. Symptoms of the disease, in addition to protruding eyes, are: redness and swelling of the eyelids, pain when touched.
Exophthalmos
Prevention
To prevent the occurrence of eye diseases (and in some situations, save a child’s life), you can use the following preventive and therapeutic measures for parents who have various health problems:
- early exchange blood transfusion (in the presence of hereditary erythroblastoses that arose as a result of Rhesus incompatibility);
- prescribing a special diet for diabetes mellitus and galactosemia;
- use of insulin for diabetes;
- taking effective protein preparations to cure hemophilia.
In addition, future parents definitely need to consult a doctor - a geneticist (if they have eye diseases, or the first child has any eye diseases). You can also use one of the research methods (biochemical or cytogenetic) and thus prevent diseases that can be transmitted genetically.
Timely diagnosis of congenital diseases, as well as their correct treatment, is the best prevention of the occurrence and development of blindness in children and adults.
Corneal diseases
Anisocoria is unequal diameter of the pupils. Usually appears after injury to the organs of vision. May cause increased photosensitivity and blurred vision. Sometimes anisocoria may indicate serious disturbances in the functioning of the cerebellum.
Anisocoria
Episcleritis is a disease in which an inflammatory process forms on the episcleral tissue. It begins with redness of the tissue adjacent to the cornea, followed by the formation of swelling. Symptoms: discomfort in the eye, pain in the eyes from bright light, clear discharge from the conjunctiva. The disease almost always goes away on its own.
Episcleritis
Keratitis is an inflammation that occurs on the cornea of the eye. Leads to clouding of the cornea and the appearance of infiltrates. The causes of keratitis can be trauma, viral or bacterial infections. If left untreated, inflammatory processes can spread not only to the cornea, but also to other parts of the eye. Signs: lacrimation, redness of the mucous membrane, increased sensitivity to bright light, the cornea is no longer shiny and smooth.
The difference between a healthy eye and keratitis
Keratoconus is a corneal dystrophy that occurs due to increased intraocular pressure, which leads to disruption of the shape of the cornea. Signs: sharp decrease in vision in the right or left eye, halos around light bulbs, myopia.
Keratoconus disease
Aniridia is the complete absence of the iris.
Aniridia - absence of the iris
Polycoria is the presence of multiple pupils.
Polycoria - presence of several pupils
Computer vision syndrome
Prolonged exposure to gadget screens (laptops, computers, smartphones, tablets) can worsen vision. Information on electronic media consists of scattered pixels and dots, so the accommodative apparatus of the eyes is unable to maintain focus for a long time. This leads to eye fatigue, decreased visual acuity, and can also cause a spasm of accommodation.
Scientists have proven that after just 4 hours of working at a computer, a decrease in visual acuity occurs. Computer vision syndrome provokes redness of the eyes, double vision, pain and burning in the eyes, as well as pain in the neck and back.
Diseases of the conjunctiva
Dry eye syndrome is a disease in which less than normal tear fluid is produced. It may occur due to reasons such as: tumors, chronic inflammation, burns, injuries to the visual organs, old age, long courses of certain medications, etc. Signs: dryness in the eyes, redness of the eyeballs, burning, mucus secretion, intolerance to bright light, fog before the eyes.
Dry eye syndrome
Conjunctivitis is an inflammatory phenomenon in the conjunctiva. There are several types of conjunctivitis - allergic, fungal, infectious, etc. Almost all types of conjunctivitis are contagious and are easily transmitted not only through direct contact, but also through household items. In some cases, this disease can cause severe complications. Signs: redness and swelling of the eyelids, itching, lacrimation, discharge of pus or mucus.
Types of conjunctivitis
Neoplasms in the conjunctival area - pterygium (occurs in the corner of the eye from the inside), pinguecula (at the junction of the cornea and conjunctiva).
Violation of visual accommodation
The mechanism of eye accommodation is a complex process and depends on many factors. However, thanks to it we can see objects at different distances. The following disorders of ocular accommodation are distinguished:
- spasm of accommodation - acute excessive tone of accommodation, which reduces visual acuity;
- weakness of accommodation - insufficient or unstable accommodation due to the action of many factors (health of the eyes and the body as a whole);
- paresis - an acute disorder of accommodation, leading to a change in the optical system of the eyes (a person begins to see poorly near);
- Presbyopia is an age-related pathology that develops after 40 years and leads to a weakening of accommodation functions.
The process of eye accommodation is negatively affected by poor lighting, long periods of work in front of gadget screens, a sedentary lifestyle, and somatic diseases (heart and blood vessels, respiratory and endocrine systems).
Lens diseases
Cataract is a disease in which the lens of the eye gradually begins to become cloudy. The pathology develops quickly, can occur in one eye or in both, and damages either the entire lens or some part of it. Cataracts are common in older people; it is this disease that often leads to a sharp decrease in visual acuity, sometimes to complete blindness. Some somatic diseases or injuries of the visual organs can cause the development of cataracts in young people. Symptoms: rapid loss of visual acuity (you often have to change glasses to more powerful ones), poor visibility of objects in the twilight (“night blindness”), impaired color vision, rapid eye fatigue, and rarely, double vision.
Cataract
Aphakia is a pathology characterized by the absence of the lens. The lens may be removed because it is severely damaged due to injury, or due to certain eye diseases - for example, cataracts.
Lens anomalies – congenital cataract, biphakia, aphakia.
Principles of treatment
The prognosis for treatment of eye diseases depends on the severity of the patient’s condition and the stage of the pathological process. The doctor can use therapeutic, surgical and combined techniques. Comprehensive eye treatment provides the most effective results.
In addition to medications, you can use visual gymnastics, which, when performed regularly, inhibits the development of many disorders. Conservative methods include massage of the cervical-collar area, osteopathy and physiotherapy.
If there is no effect from drug therapy, professionals perform microsurgical operations to restore visual functions. Their goal is to restore the internal processes of the organ of vision and restore a person’s ability to see clearly.
Pathologies of the retina or mucous membrane of the eyes
Retinitis is a disease characterized by the development of inflammation in the retina of the eye. Occurs when the visual organs are injured, exposed to sunlight, or against the background of other diseases. Symptoms: narrowing of the field of vision, limited visibility, double vision of objects, the appearance of bright spots in front of the eyes, poor visibility in the dark or twilight.
Retinal detachment is a pathology in which the inner layers of the retina are separated from the choroid and nearby epithelial tissues. Most often it can only be cured through surgery. If left untreated, the disease can lead to complete loss of vision. Symptoms: a dark veil before the eyes, blurred vision, distortion of the shapes of objects, limited visibility to the sides, flashes or sparks often flash before the eyes.
If microtraumas of the ocular surface occur (corneal trauma when putting on a contact lens, damaged lens, accumulation of protein deposits on the lens), which are accompanied only by the feeling that something has got into the eye, do not neglect treatment, since the lack of treatment for microtraumas can lead to irritation and redness, which in turn can contribute to the development of complications (keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, corneal ulcers), since damaged tissues are a gateway to infection.
For the restoration of eye tissue, medications containing dexpanthenol, a substance with a regenerating effect, have proven themselves to be effective. In particular, the eye gel “Korneregel” has a healing effect due to the maximum concentration of dexpanthenol 5%*, and the carbomer included in its composition, due to its viscous texture, prolongs the contact of dexpanthenol with the ocular surface.
Retinal detachment
Angiopathy is a disorder of the structure of blood vessels in the eyes, formed as a result of injury to the visual organs, increased intraocular pressure, malfunction of the nervous system, arterial hypertension, intoxication of the body, or anatomical pathologies in the structure of blood vessels. Symptoms: blurred vision, blurred vision, glare or bright flashes before the eyes, and in severe cases, blindness.
Glaucoma is a chronic disease in which intraocular pressure is increased. It often leads to damage to the optic nerve and, as a consequence, to a sharp deterioration in vision up to its complete loss. The disease is irreversible, so without timely treatment there is a high risk of becoming completely blind. Symptoms: poor visibility on the sides, dark spots, fog before the eyes, indistinguishability of objects in the dark, in bright light - colored circles before the eyes.
Healthy eye and eye with glaucoma
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a persistent increase in intraocular pressure due to the loss of the eye's ability to regulate its own internal pressure. The danger of glaucoma is that it develops asymptomatically, and the patient may not realize the presence of the disease until it is too late.
The tissues of the eye are under the influence of increased pressure, which continues to gradually increase unnoticed by the patient. Glaucoma is one of the most studied ophthalmic diseases, but it is still one of the most dangerous. Therefore, early detection of glaucoma is the main way to prevent vision loss.
Untreated glaucoma leads to blindness due to atrophy* of the optic nerve caused by compression due to persistently elevated intraocular pressure.
Treatment of glaucoma includes various methods: from simple use of eye drops in the early stages of the disease to laser and surgical treatment in severe cases. You need to know that a dead nerve cannot be restored, but a healthy one can be saved. Regular examination for the presence of glaucoma (at least once a year) by an ophthalmologist is one of the MANDATORY procedures for everyone who is concerned about their own health.
*Atrophy – degeneration, degeneration, pathological change in tissue.
Refractive errors
Myopia is a disease in which a person has trouble seeing objects in the distance. It is formed as a result of the image being lined up in front of the retina. Symptoms: poor visibility of distant objects, eyes get tired quickly, discomfort, pain in the temples or in the forehead area.
Normal vision and myopia vision
Farsightedness is a pathology characterized by poor visibility of close objects, with good visibility of distant ones. In contrast to myopia, the image is formed behind the surface of the retina. Signs of this disease are often: fog before the eyes, sometimes squint.
Farsightedness and normal vision
Astigmatism is a disease in which light rays entering the retina cannot focus on it. Most often, astigmatism occurs due to physiological disorders in the structure of the cornea or lens. Symptoms: blurriness, indistinctness of objects, eye fatigue, headaches, the need to constantly strain the eyes to see.
Difference between astigmatism and normal vision
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What is farsightedness
Hyperopia, also called farsightedness, is another common vision defect in which nearby objects appear blurry, but vision becomes clearer when a person looks at distant objects.
Typically, the degree of farsightedness affects the ability to focus. Severe farsightedness may cause one to see clearly only objects that are far away, while a person with mild farsightedness can also see objects that are nearby clearly.
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Symptoms of hypermetropia may include:
- blurred vision when looking at close objects;
- eye strain, including burning and pain in or around the eyes;
- general eye discomfort.
Other eye diseases
Myodesopsia is the appearance of spots, “floaters” or black dots before the eyes.
Floaters with myodesopsia
Strabismus is a disease in which the axis of vision deviates, causing binocular vision to be impaired.
Types of strabismus
Nystagmus is uncontrollable rapid eye movements.
Amblyopia is damage to the eye muscles in which one eye stops working or moving. Accompanied by a decrease in the acuity of the affected eye and the inability to judge the distance to objects.
Leukoma (thornhole) is the formation of scar tissue on the cornea of the eye. Occurs due to eye injury, or during prolonged inflammatory processes in the body.
Eye with leukoma
blindness is a disorder of color perception. Most often this is a congenital pathology.
How to see with color blindness
Hemeralopia (“night blindness”) is a disease in which a person has difficulty seeing objects in poor lighting.
Xanthopsia is a rare pathology in which a person sees all objects with a yellowish tint.
Panophthalmitis is destruction of the tissue of the eyeball, accompanied by the release of a large amount of pus.
What is the cause of congenital eye diseases in children?
The first cause of congenital eye diseases in a child is heredity. If parents and relatives have experienced vision pathologies, then there is a high risk that the child may also suffer from this problem. The age and health status of parents and their lifestyle are often associated with congenital vision pathologies.
The cause of such consequences can also be environmental factors; many are concerned about eye diseases, their treatment and the opportunity to obtain sharp and full vision. Air pollution, the impact of unfavorable climate on a pregnant woman, her emotional instability in the process of bearing a child, radiation and similar reasons.
For congenital eye diseases in children, ophthalmologists also list serious illnesses suffered by a pregnant woman, taking medications and food products that are harmful to the fetus. Bad habits and drugs during a woman’s “interesting situation” can also cause such an outcome. Difficult, difficult and protracted labor can affect the quality of vision of the newborn.
Destruction of the vitreous body
Complaints about the appearance of “floaters”, light or dark spots, as well as floating spots before the eyes indicate that destruction of the vitreous body has occurred. The reasons for its appearance may lie in eye aging, hormonal imbalances and injuries.
Symptoms of the disease may temporarily weaken or slow down their manifestation, and sometimes, on the contrary, gain momentum. In any case, visual pathology develops and requires treatment. Its complication is a sharp decrease in visual acuity up to the point of surgical intervention due to the development of retinal detachment, corneal edema, and the appearance of cataracts.
