Lesson 5. Intrapersonal conflict: concept, types, prevention and resolution

We considered it necessary to devote the final lesson of our training on conflict management to the topic of intrapersonal conflict. We decided to do this for the reason that intrapersonal conflict is not only one of the most complex psychological phenomena, but also affects the inner world of a person.

In previous lessons we talked about what ways there are to influence conflicts between people, today you will learn about how a person should behave if he has a conflict with himself.

It’s worth starting with a definition of what intrapersonal conflict is.

What is intrapersonal conflict?

Intrapersonal conflict is an aggravated negative experience caused by a protracted confrontation between various structures of a person’s inner world, reflecting his contradictory connections with the outside world and preventing decision-making. Also, intrapersonal conflict is characterized by the fact that it overcomes any person, and overcomes him systematically.

Intrapersonal conflict can be either constructive or destructive. In the first case, it is an integral part of personal development, and in the second, it represents a danger to a person, because causes stress and difficult experiences, and in some cases even suicide. It is for this reason that any person should know what intrapersonal conflict is, how to define it, and also be able to resolve it.

To recognize intrapersonal conflict, it is necessary to learn to identify its main indicators (symptoms), which can manifest themselves in various areas of personal manifestation.

Causes of intrapersonal conflict

Like any conflict, this one also has its reasons. These reasons usually affect a person’s attitude towards his own personality. When we even subconsciously do not approve of some of our actions and even thoughts, we gradually learn to remain more and more dissatisfied with ourselves.

Unjustified expectations

Numerous demands are put forward to modern man in society. Sometimes a false impression is created that a successful person never gets tired and always does his job efficiently. In fact, this is just an appearance, an image imposed by society, which everyone is trying to unconditionally follow. A person cannot constantly exist at the limit of his capabilities. Gradually, she accustoms herself to the fact that she lives incorrectly, not like other people. Unjustified expectations are the main reason why intrapersonal conflict begins to develop. A person feels that he does not meet some standards and cannot influence the situation that oppresses him.

Disappointment in yourself

A common reason for the development of intrapersonal conflict, which makes you give up. It seems to a person that he is not capable of anything, but can only make various mistakes. Disappointment in oneself can arise as a result of failure in meaningful activities. Problems at work unsettle you for a long time and deprive you of self-confidence. If a project fails, thoughts about your own insolvency often come to mind. Disappointment in oneself contributes to the aggravation of intrapersonal conflict. People often drive themselves into terrible experiences precisely because they want to achieve great results, but in fact they deprive themselves of moral strength.

Social norms and personal needs

These categories often come into significant conflict with each other. Conflict is formed when a person feels unable to realize his own desires for one reason or another. Many people consider it necessary to conform to the laws of society, even if these requirements run counter to their own ideas about life. For some, social norms are too important and significant to ignore. In this case, the personality often remains lost and unclaimed. When individual needs are not met, most simply give up and no longer want to make even the slightest attempt to try to change their lives.

Low self-esteem

This is a serious problem, which in itself provokes intrapersonal conflict. If for some reason a person cannot realize his potential, then this circumstance puts extreme pressure on him and makes him doubt himself. Low self-esteem does not allow you to achieve success. Even if a person is talented enough, he does not find within himself the resource for achievement. She has to constantly be in an internal struggle, proving to herself the right to self-expression, and this circumstance is very mentally exhausting. The inability to value oneself is a common reason for the formation of conflict.

How does personality conflict manifest itself?

Psychological science identifies four main types of indicators of intrapersonal conflict. They relate to the emotional sphere, cognitive sphere, behavioral sphere, and the fourth type is integral indicators:

• Emotional sphere. In the emotional sphere, intrapersonal conflict manifests itself through serious negative experiences and psycho-emotional stress.

EXAMPLE: Depression, stress, apathy, loss of interest in life, etc.

• Cognitive sphere. In the cognitive sphere, intrapersonal conflict manifests itself through disturbances in a person’s perception of himself.

EXAMPLE: Decreased self-esteem, difficulties in choosing and making decisions, doubts about one’s motives, aspirations and principles, inconsistency of one’s own image, etc.

• Behavioral area. In the behavioral sphere, intrapersonal conflict manifests itself through negative changes in human behavior.

EXAMPLE: Negative background of communication, decreased productivity and quality of activity, dissatisfaction with one’s own activities, etc.

• Integral indicators. Complex disorders in the human psyche.

EXAMPLE: Increased emotional and psychological stress, disturbances in the adaptation mechanism, long-term disturbances in a person’s ability to adapt to circumstances, etc.

But, in addition to the fact that intrapersonal conflict can manifest itself in different areas (and even in several at once), it itself is also divided into several types, which significantly complicate both its definition and the development of ways to resolve it. Let's look at them in more detail.

Adaptation conflicts

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Psychological adaptation is a complex process, which is a system of actions. Socio-psychological adaptation acts as one of the strategies for resolving conflicts.

People have always been interested in the process of adaptation, which allows us to talk not only about the universality of adaptation to the environment. Adaptation can be both physiological and psychological. During adaptation, people experience a breakdown of stereotypes and beliefs, and experience an intrapersonal crisis. The importance of the adaptation process depends on the individual's connection with social practice.

The adaptation process was studied by the domestic scientist N.A. Sviridov, who noted the similarity of social and biological adaptation, which acts as a way of adapting to environmental conditions, including social ones. Understanding the processes of psychological adaptation helps to understand the system of human interaction with the world. The basis of this interaction is homeostasis, as living organisms adapt to environmental conditions.

The so-called “labor adaptation” is distinguished as a type of psychological adaptation. It represents adaptation to working conditions within an enterprise, organization, to conditions of service, for example, military service. The specificity of adaptation lies in the need to adapt to various elements of working conditions. For example, as part of work activity, an employee must adapt to the team, boss, salary level, rise at a certain time, level of material support, production conditions, etc.

At present, the concept of psychological adaptation has not been fully disclosed; the attitude towards it on the part of specialists is very subjective. Many scientists propose radically different approaches to these concepts. Some scientists view the adaptation conflict as a contradiction between “should” and “can”.

Figure 1. Adaptation conflict. Author24 - online exchange of student work

Types of intrapersonal conflict

Before moving directly to the consideration of the main types of intrapersonal conflict, it should be noted that in general most theoretical concepts present several varieties. For example, psychoanalysis examines conflicts between a person's drives and social norms established in society, as well as between a person's needs. And interactionism analyzes mainly role factors. However, in real life the matter is not limited to these approaches alone.

In reality, the situation is such that in life there is a huge number of intrapersonal conflicts. Therefore, in order to bring their entire typology to a single denominator, it is necessary to find some kind of foundation that can serve as a center around which a system of intrapersonal conflicts can be built. And such a center is the value-motivational sphere of the individual, because it is with it that a person’s internal conflict is connected and it is it that is capable of sufficiently reflecting all kinds of relationships and connections of a person with the surrounding reality.

Taking this as the main postulate, we can identify several basic structures of a person’s inner world that come into conflict:

It is depending on which parties within a person’s personality come into conflict that six main types of intrapersonal conflict can be distinguished: adaptation, role, moral, motivational, conflict of unfulfilled desire and conflict of inadequate self-esteem.

Adaptation conflict

An adaptation conflict is understood as both an imbalance between a person and the surrounding reality, and a disruption in the process of professional or social adaptation. Such a conflict arises between a person’s capabilities and the various demands placed on him by reality (psychological, physical, professional). This discrepancy can manifest itself either as a temporary lack of readiness or as a complete inability to meet the requirements.

EXAMPLE: Failure of an employee of an organization to properly perform his or her duties; the recruit's inability to adapt to the new regime in the army; inability to bear physical stress when climbing to the top of a mountain, etc.

Role conflict

Role conflict represents both the inability of a person to simultaneously implement several roles, and a different understanding of the requirements that a person himself places on fulfilling a specific role.

EXAMPLE: A woman may experience behavioral difficulties while being both the mother of her son and his teacher at school; a police officer may be “torn” between fulfilling his duty and being friendly towards his comrade if he suddenly needs to detain him, etc.

Moral conflict

Moral conflict is the conflict between duty and desire, personal affection and moral principles.

EXAMPLE: A man may feel an internal conflict, being a husband, but having the opportunity to start a relationship with a woman for whom he feels sympathy and attraction; a person can experience an internal conflict if he finds himself in a situation in which he needs to take actions that are at odds with his principles, for example, a supporter of peace and pacifism needs to stand up for himself or protect a loved one using harsh methods.

Motivational conflict

Motivational conflict is one of the most common intrapersonal conflicts and can be expressed in the struggle of a person’s unconscious aspirations, the desire to possess and security considerations, and the clash of various motives.

EXAMPLE: A guy may have difficulty choosing between meeting old friends and going out with his girlfriend; a young person may want to take up boxing, but is afraid of being hurt, etc.

Conflict of unfulfilled desire

Along with the conflict of unfulfilled desire, an inferiority complex is also considered. This type of conflict manifests itself in the confrontation between desires and reality, which blocks their satisfaction.

EXAMPLE: A person may want to be like his idol, but in reality he is completely different; a person may want to live richly, but the actual state of affairs is different, etc.

Conflict of inadequate self-esteem

The conflict of inadequate self-esteem is a confrontation between a person’s claims and his real potential.

EXAMPLE: Low or high self-esteem; the desire to become better in order to achieve more and the desire to leave everything as it is, so as not to leave the “comfort zone”, etc.

In addition to other types, there is also a neurotic conflict, which is the result of an “ordinary” intrapersonal conflict that persists for a long time.

As is easy to see, the basis of any type of intrapersonal conflict is precisely the subjective experiences of a person, because they cause the suffering he experiences. And the issue of experiences, based on this, should be given special attention.

The basis of intrapersonal conflict is experience

The field of action of intrapersonal conflicts is any internal experiences of a person: variability, complexity of desires and aspirations, ambiguity of personality, awareness of the impossibility of realizing one’s own potential, fluctuations in self-esteem, etc. However, not a single intrapersonal conflict can arise without the influence of the surrounding reality on a person’s personality, i.e. it is simply not capable of arising simply due to any internal factors. And, taking into account the nature of the contradictions underlying a person’s internal conflict, intrapersonal conflicts can be divided into two subgroups:

• Intrapersonal conflicts that arise due to a person’s internal contradictions, reflecting his subjective attitude to the world around him.

EXAMPLE: This includes the conflicts of inadequate self-esteem and motivational conflicts discussed above.

• Intrapersonal conflicts that are the result of the transition of objective contradictions external to the individual into his inner world.

EXAMPLE: Such conflicts include adaptation, moral and other conflicts.

Well-known researchers of intrapersonal conflicts Elena Andreevna Donchenko and Tatyana Mikhailovna Titarenko identify, among other things, three levels of development of psychological contradictions:

1. The inability to implement planned plans and programs and perform one’s vital functions until the contradiction is resolved.
2. Imbalance, difficulty and complication of the main activity, projection of psychological discomfort onto the external components of life: communication with others, doing work, etc.
3. Psychological balance of a person’s inner world.

At any of these levels, contradictions can be eliminated, and for an intrapersonal conflict to arise, the situation must correspond to certain personal and situational conditions.

Personal conditions include:

• A person’s ability for self-reflection and introspection, a complexly organized and developing cognitive structure.
• High level of development of values ​​and feelings.
• A developed and complex hierarchy of motives and needs.
• A complex inner world and the increased significance of this complexity.

Situational conditions that activate intrapersonal conflict are, in turn, divided into external and internal:

It is important to say that a person’s experience of intrapersonal conflict is different from any other experience. It is characterized by the presence of psycho-emotional tension, as well as such phenomena as awareness of the complexity of the situation, the presence of difficult choices, struggle and doubt. The experience of intrapersonal conflict reflects the restructuring of a person’s entire value-motivational system.

Another important feature of intrapersonal conflict is that it can be characterized by both positive and negative consequences, i.e. the conflict itself can be constructive or destructive.

Ways to resolve intrapersonal conflict

Psychological work to eliminate intrapersonal contradiction is a painstaking process that requires thoughtfulness and diligence. It takes place in 5 stages:

1. The first is awareness of the problem.
2. The second is identifying the causes, in-depth analysis. Problems are broken down into individual parts. The process is similar to unraveling a knot. It needs to be loosened up to understand where all these threads come from.
3. Next, work on each aspect in turn. A person must understand which part of the internal conflict still needs to win. This is not easy to do on your own. If it doesn’t work, call the helpline or make an appointment with a psychotherapist. The problem is that the opinions of others can completely confuse everything. Each person has his own beliefs. And it’s not a fact that they are correct
4. If we are talking about anxiety, its causes are analyzed. Pull the thread and understand what you are afraid of. Does everyone in your situation feel this way? Is there really a risk? Do fears help you? They must be eliminated completely. Because fear's eyes are really big.
5. Work on beliefs. Example: remorse is a useless oppressive feeling. It is necessary to get rid of it. Remember, all people make mistakes.

So, one by one, the individual must put each of his beliefs on the scale and understand that the world is not divided into black and white. Situations are different, but all these are just situations, they will disappear in a year. And your nervous system will remain with you. Take care of her.

Constructive intrapersonal conflict

Constructive, i.e. An optimal or productive intrapersonal conflict is a conflict in which the development of the conflicting parties occurs, and the personal costs of resolving it are minimal. Such a conflict is a mechanism for harmonizing personality, because in the process of resolving it, a person realizes himself as an individual.

One of the characteristics of personality is that it correlates with each other certain life relationships, which give rise to internal struggle. In some cases, this struggle can occur in forms that do not appear outwardly and do not have a destructive effect on a person’s personality. If a person is harmonious, this does not mean that he is not subject to internal struggle. Moreover, this struggle can become the basis of a person’s entire appearance.

Constructive internal conflict can strengthen character, form determination and psychological stability, independence; is able to establish a clear direction for the individual, create new character traits, promote adequate self-esteem, personal growth and self-knowledge.

EXAMPLE: Fighting bad habits; development of willpower; working on yourself, despite reluctance and laziness; the ability to put one’s own desires in the background for the sake of the good of another person or even one’s own, etc.

Motivational conflicts

Definition 1
Motivational conflict is a conflict that arises as a result of the simultaneous actualization of partially contradictory or completely incompatible motives.

The following types of motivational conflicts are distinguished:

• The “aspiration-aspiration” conflict arises due to the fact that there are two different objects or goals that have approximately the same characteristics, but they cannot be realized at the same time. A person must choose between two possibilities. A striking example of such a conflict is Buridan's donkey, who could not choose between two armfuls of hay and died of hunger.
• Avoidance-avoidance conflict occurs when an individual must choose the lesser of two evils. However, first we need to identify this lesser evil. This conflict is identified with a situation of emotional coercion. This means that the subject does not see the optimal option for himself. If he had seen such an option, he would have avoided the conflict.
• The striving-avoidance conflict occurs when a subject is simultaneously attracted and repelled by some circumstance. Conflicts can be acute and long-lasting. For example, a subject may suffer for a long time from the inability to make any choice.
• The conflict of “double aspiration-avoidance” (double ambivalence) occurs when each of the possible options has both positive and negative sides, as a result of which the subject’s choice is difficult.

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Historically, motivational conflicts were one of the first to be identified and recognized as a separate type by Kurt Lewin, who considered topical issues of the struggle between human motives that are incompatible with each other and have different directions. V.V. Stolin, a Russian scientist, considered conflicts in the field of motivation as a contradiction of meanings. People's activities can intersect in various circumstances, resulting in conflicts, including motivational ones.

Motivational conflicts are also characterized by the following points:

• presence of tension and discomfort;
• emotional discomfort;
• signals indicating a conflict zone;
• the presence of contradictory actions;
• manifestation of defensive reactions of the psyche and self-awareness.

The choice of tactics for people's behavior in resolving conflicts depends on internal contradictions when choosing a strategy for behavior in a conflict situation. a person should not fall under anyone’s influence and make a choice based on his personal opinion.

Destructive intrapersonal conflict

Destructive intrapersonal conflict, i.e. destroying personal structures is a conflict that aggravates the duality of personality. It can develop into a severe life crisis and develop neurotic reactions.

A long-term destructive conflict can negatively affect a person’s activity, contribute to the inhibition of personal development, create uncertainty and psychological instability, and inability to achieve goals. In a deeper sense, such a conflict can cause a person to not develop the qualities that a mature personality should possess. If destructive intrapersonal conflict arises frequently, this can lead to the formation of an inferiority complex, loss of self-confidence and strength, or even loss of meaning in life.

EXAMPLE: Long-term dissatisfaction with the quality of one’s life; the child’s conviction that he is inferior, not like everyone else; a requirement from a person to behave differently in the same situation, etc.

But, despite the fact that intrapersonal conflicts can be constructive, destructive ones are much more common in real life. And if the former can be safely called even desirable, then the latter should be learned to recognize and prevent.

What creates internal conflict?

If you understand the underlying processes, intrapersonal conflict arises due to the inability to achieve what you want. But the obstacle on the way is not external circumstances, but internal ones.

The psyche sees two ways out of the situation and neither of them is suitable. We cannot simply want too much, because such contradictions arise only on the basis of necessary and passionately desired actions. You can't just stop loving a guy, even if you know he's not right for you. It is also impossible to overcome the barrier in the form of your own taboo. If you could overcome yourself, it would not be called an internal conflict. It occurs when the opposing forces inside are equal. While this battle lasts, it is impossible to feel comfortable.

Prevention of intrapersonal conflicts

Our life is structured in such a way that there is always a high probability of circumstances arising that can lead to the destruction of the harmonious process of development and a negative impact on the inner world. And it’s very bad if we are not prepared for such situations. Every effort must be made to avoid the development of destructive intrapersonal conflicts, and if they appear, then resolve them as quickly as possible. Having information about how and why internal conflicts arise, it is possible to determine the conditions necessary to prevent them.

To prevent the occurrence of intrapersonal conflict, you need to follow the following recommendations in your life :

If we try to bring the methods of preventing intrapersonal conflict to a single algorithm, then it can be briefly reflected as follows:

• Focus on your highest priority motives and needs. First of all, implement them and do not try to embrace the immensity;
• Don't accumulate your problems and difficulties. Solve problems as they arise, preventing their accumulation, without waiting for the moment when it becomes very difficult to “understand yourself”;
• Work on yourself, learn to control your emotions, states and manifestations. Correct your behavior and learn to pull yourself together;
• Pay attention to how others react to you and your actions, and also evaluate their behavior yourself. This can be a pointer to working on yourself;
• Be sincere with yourself and with other people. Don't lie to yourself and don't live in illusions;
• Strive for a healthy lifestyle and thoughts, make yourself stronger physically, psychologically, emotionally, spiritually.

These are recommendations for preventing intrapersonal conflicts. Doing them regularly and on time can serve you well and save you from unnecessary problems. However, there is, of course, no 100% guarantee that internal conflict will not arise. And if it appears, you need to be able to influence it correctly.

Intrapersonal conflict: the essence of the concept

Definition 1
Intrapersonal conflict is a conflict that a person has with himself. In the scientific literature, this type of conflict is called “ overcoming behavior .”

This type of behavior is aimed at resolving conflicts in situations where a person has internal contradictions for any reason, including due to the emergence of a conflict situation. Coping behavior is similar to psychological defense, but its difference is that psychological defense is usually aimed at external factors.

When an internal conflict arises, a person usually develops strong, negative emotions and feelings that are unacceptable to him or her. This may include hatred towards oneself or towards close people, fear, envy and other feelings. Often they are not expressed outwardly, that is, a person has the opportunity to hide them. When there is an internal conflict, a person feels that the problem is unsolvable, and therefore feels unprotected.

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Coping behavior is aimed at resolving a conflict situation in a way acceptable to a person. The resolution of such a conflict is often not direct; it occurs in a roundabout way, which is most painless for the patient. Conflict resolution may or may not be effective. There is no universal method for overcoming internal conflict; an individual approach is required in each specific case. However, if a person postpones going to specialists, the situation may worsen and move from a latent state to a pronounced one. The use of medications and alcohol in this case will only relieve tension for a while, but will not help in any way to cope with the situation, and often even prevents its resolution.

Figure 1. Types of intrapersonal conflicts. Author24 - online exchange of student work

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Resolution of intrapersonal conflicts

Resolution of intrapersonal conflicts is a process of restoring the coherence of a person’s inner world, harmonizing his consciousness, reducing the intensity of contradictory life attitudes and achieving a new quality of being. It helps a person achieve peace of mind, a deeper understanding of life, and form new values.

The resolution of intrapersonal conflict is realized by neutralizing painful conditions associated with the conflict, reducing the socio-psychological and psychological factors of the conflict, increasing productivity, etc.

Depending on the individual characteristics of a person, he can perceive his internal contradictions in different ways, as well as choose the most appropriate behavioral strategies for him. One person may be lost in thought, another will immediately begin to take active action, and a third will succumb to emotions. There is no one correct attitude towards intrapersonal conflict. It is important here that each person is able to be aware of his own personal characteristics, and, based on this, determine the style of resolving his internal contradictions.

Simply put, this is what the resolution of intrapersonal conflict depends on:

Resolution of intrapersonal conflict is achieved by activating psychological defense mechanisms, which are necessary to control emotions, internal states and external manifestations.

What should you resort to if you need to resolve an intrapersonal conflict:

• Assess the situation and try to take control of it. Identify your internal contradictions and realize what led you to negative feelings;
• Conduct an in-depth analysis of the situation. Determine how important the conflict is to you, what role you play in it, and what role it plays in your life. Predict the possible consequences of the conflict;
• Determine the exact cause of the conflict, localize the “hotbed”. Strive to identify the essence of the problem, throwing everything secondary into the background;
• Be honest with yourself: don’t give yourself any concessions, don’t put off the decision until later. Analyze the conflict again and try to understand what it is telling you: what you need to change in yourself, what actions to take, why the problem affects you so much;
• Sublimate negative emotions into activities: you can do physical exercise or immerse yourself in creativity; watch a good movie or read an interesting book;
• Use relaxation techniques. Currently, there are many effective ways to relax, from meditation to psychological training;
• If the internal conflict is related to your activity, try to change something in it: change the conditions, bring something new to your work; you can even change your occupation altogether;
• Adjust the level of your aspirations: compare your desires and needs with your capabilities; Look honestly at yourself - what are you capable of and what are you not?
• Learn to forgive. Moreover, it is important to be able to forgive not only others, but also yourself: not engage in self-criticism, self-reproach, self-flagellation, etc.
• If you feel really bad, go away and cry. There's nothing wrong with that. In addition, even scientific research (in particular, research by the American biochemist William Frey) has shown that tears contain a special substance that has the property of calming, and if you want to cry, then the brain needs a discharge.

And lastly: learn to accept yourself as you are, and your life as a given, with all the successes and failures, ups and downs, white and black stripes. We will always face difficulties and troubles, feel pressure and stress, achieve success, win victories and suffer defeats - all this is what we call our life. We need to learn to get along with ourselves, the people with whom we interact and the reality around us. Harmony and proper balance are the basis of happiness, success, prosperity and health in all its manifestations.

We, in turn, sincerely hope that our conflict management training will be useful for you and will make you and your life, at least a little, better. Study, strive for knowledge and remember that no theory can replace practice. Therefore, take into account the information received - and good luck!

People's attitudes towards intrapersonal conflicts

When a person tries to resolve an internal conflict, he strives for unity of consciousness, a reduction in the contradictions that exist within him, and wants to achieve a new quality of life. This conflict within the individual can be constructive and destructive:

1. Constructive conflict presupposes the achievement of mental balance, a deepening of understanding of life, and the formation of a new value consciousness. There are no painful situations or conditions.
2. Destructive conflict leads to the destruction of personality as such when a person resolves conflicts in an unacceptable way, for example, starts using drugs in order to feel better.

The strategy for resolving internal conflict depends on which method a person chooses in each specific situation. Someone is immersed in thoughts, someone begins to act, others try to plunge into emotions and forget everything in this way. The ways to resolve internal conflict are influenced by various factors, including time, temperament, and character. For example, a choleric person prefers to solve all problems quickly, since he cannot stand uncertainty and it is easier for him to accept defeat. A melancholic person can think for a long time, weighing the situation, figuring out the best way to solve it, without daring to get down to business. The properties of temperament are influenced not only by the dynamics of resolving contradictions, but also by their speed, stability, rhythm, and intensity.

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