The communicative side of communication

The communicative side of communication - general information

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In order for communication to occur between people, some basic elements are necessary:

a communicator that sends information;
the information itself;
means of transmitting information;
recipient of information.

The communicative side of communication becomes possible only if the person sending information and the one receiving it have a similar system for decoding information. This means that the interlocutors must speak the same language and understand each other well.

When communicating, certain barriers may arise, which may be psychological or social.

The structure of communication between people consists of interactive, communicative and perceptual sides. Each of these sides has its own characteristics. For example, the interactive side is characterized by the exchange of actions, that is, the organization of interaction between communicating people. Perceptual consists in the process of perception, knowing each other through communication, as well as establishing mutual understanding. The communicative side of communication is the direct exchange of information between several individuals. In this case, “information” can be considered as ideas, moods, interests, attitudes, feelings, etc.

Each side of communication requires detailed and careful consideration.

It is simply impossible to imagine communication without communication. It is always necessary to remember that the communicative side of communication is very important for its participants. It should be noted that the nature of the exchange of any information using a system of signs can significantly affect each of the communicating parties. In other words, exchanging information always involves influencing the behavior of another person. Certain signs significantly influence the participants in communicative communication. Signs in communication play the same role as tools in work.

In turn, the communicative side of communication can be verbal (transmitting information through speech) and non-verbal (transmitting information through various actions).

Verbal means of communication are written (in its semantic meaning) and oral speech.

There is an opinion that speech rate, voice intonation and other accompanying manifestations are also classified as verbal categories. However, if we take into account that such factors can not only complement, but also completely destroy the direct meaning of what is said, then we can confidently say that non-verbal means are those that are not “words”. Therefore, the following non-verbal means of communication should be highlighted:

- near-speech means, that is, pace, intonation, volume, timbre of voice, diction, rhythm of speech, and so on;

— communication zones, that is, distance, distance between participants in communication;

— kinesics, that is, gait, gestures, body posture, facial expressions, touching a partner, etc.;

— place and time of communication;

— odors: individual or environmental;

- handwriting, clothes, accessories, hairstyle, etc.

Thus, the psychology of communication consists of “deciphering” nonverbal and verbal signals. Based on the opinion of psychologists, it can be argued that a person comprehends approximately 10% of the information that the brain possesses. It follows that analysis and decoding occur not so much at the conscious level as at the unconscious level.

Note that the communicative side of communication may also include specific barriers. Such barriers are psychological or social in nature. A communication barrier may arise due to a lack of understanding of the situation. The reasons for this are varied. These may be professional, social and political differences. They give rise to different interpretations of concepts that are used in the communicative process, as well as different worldviews, worldviews and attitudes.

We can conclude that the communicative side of communication is a psychological category. Since communication is a fairly important condition of human life and one of the basic needs of each of us. Communication forms a system of human relations to the entire world around us. Our level of popularity in society, our success in life, and so on often depend on our ability to communicate. Everyone should be able to communicate correctly.

Types of obtaining information

The information voiced by the communicator can be of two types:

motivating and stimulating;
stating, affirming.

Incentive information can be presented in the form of orders and instructions; it is intended to motivate action.

Such information may vary:

activation, that is, an urge to act in a certain direction;
a ban on certain actions;
coordination of certain actions of another person.

Ascertaining activity does not force a person to change his behavior; information can be presented in an indifferent form or in the presence of a certain conviction, imposing one’s own opinion.

Specifics of information exchange in the communication process

Definition 1
Communication is communication, i.e. exchange of opinions, moods, experiences, desires, etc.

The specificity of interpersonal communication is revealed in a number of phenomena and processes: psychological feedback, the presence of communication barriers, communicative influence and the presence of different levels of information transfer (for example, non-verbal and verbal).

Definition 2

Communication (lat. communicatio) is a word that literally means “common” or “shared by all.” In practical terms, it is a process of exchange of information and ideas between two or more people, which leads to mutual understanding.

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The execution of the communication process requires four key elements:

sender, the person who collects information and transmits it;
message, the information itself, presented in one form or another;
means or channel for transmitting information;
the recipient, or the person to whom the information is sent and who interprets it.

There are five stages in the communication process:

the beginning of an exchange of information, when the communicator (the one who sends the information) must clearly imagine “what exactly” (what specific idea and in what form to formulate it) and “for what purpose” he wants to convey and what reaction to receive in response;
expressing an idea into symbols, into words, into a message. Various channels for transmitting information are selected and used, such as speech, facial expressions, gestures, written materials, means of electronic communication: computer networks, e-mail, etc.;
transmission of information through the use of selected communication channels;
the recipient (the one who receives information) translates verbal (verbal) and non-verbal signs into his thoughts (decoding information);
feedback phase – the recipient’s response to the information received.

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It should be noted that at all stages of the communication process there may be obstacles that distort the meaning of the information that has been transmitted.

Note 1

The information that comes from the communicator can be of two types: motivating and stating.

Incentive information appears in the form of an order, request, or advice. It is intended to initiate some action. In turn, stimulation can be different. This may be an incentive to act in a specified direction. This may be an impulse that does not allow certain actions, a prohibition of undesirable activities. Ultimately, there may be a misalignment or disruption of certain autonomous activities or behaviors.

Confirming information is presented in the form of a message; it does not imply a direct change in behavior, although it contributes to this indirectly. The nature of the message can be different: the criterion of objectivity can vary from an emphatically “indifferent” tone of presentation to the introduction of rather obvious components of persuasion into the text of the message. The message option is set by the communicator, i.e., by the person from whom the information comes.

During the communication process, the communicator can occupy one of three positions:

open - the communicator openly declares himself a supporter of the proposed point of view, evaluates various facts in support of this point of view;
detached - the communicator is deliberately neutral, compares different points of view, not excluding a focus on one of them, but not openly announced;
closed - the communicator keeps silent about his point of view, sometimes he can even resort to special actions in order to hide it

The communicative side of communication and its five stages

The communication side of communication is divided into several stages:

starting a conversation and exchanging information;
putting information into words, using speech, symbols or gestures;
direct data transfer;
human response, feedback.

When communicating, a person can use several positions:

present information openly;
step back and remain neutral;
keep silent about your own point of view.

Basic means of communication

The communicative side of communication can be verbal and non-verbal. Verbal communication involves the use of human speech. Nonverbal communication is carried out through third-party objects and means of communication.

The main functions of verbal communication are:

information exchange;
formulation of thoughts;
effect on humans;
emotional reaction to a conversation.

Nonverbal communication is produced through semantic coloring during a conversation, which is helped by the presence of pauses, coughing, intonation and type of speech, gestures and facial expressions.

Communication means

The transmission of any information is possible only through sign systems, i.e. means of communication are sign systems. There are verbal and non-verbal sign systems.

Verbal communication uses human speech as a sign system, i.e. system of phonetic signs. Verbal means of communication - speech - are the most universal means of communication, since when transmitting information through speech, the meaning of the message is least lost.
Nonverbal means of information exchange are non-verbal means of communication. They can complement verbal ones, contradict them, or form subtext.

Nonverbal communication, in turn, includes the following main sign systems:

Optical-kinetic: gestures, facial expressions, pantomime (postures).
Para- and extralinguistic. The paralinguistic system is a vocalization system: voice features, dynamic and stylistic features of speech, speech cliches and slips. Extralinguistic system - the inclusion of pauses and other inclusions in speech, such as coughing, crying, laughter, and the very tempo of speech.
Organization of space and time of the communicative process: the distance between communication partners (physical distance, as a rule, directly reflects the emotional distance between communicating), the relative position of bodies in space, etc.
Visual contact (eye contact). Duration, frequency of contact, etc. matter.

See also: Psychological characteristics of communication

Communication process and organization of space

Psychologists identify several distances for communication:

Intimate - implies a distance between the interlocutors of less than half a meter. Only people who trust each other communicate this way; they speak quietly and calmly.
Interpersonal communication occurs at a distance of about 1 meter. This is how friends communicate.
Business or social communication can take place at a distance of up to 3 meters. It is used for business communication.
Public communication takes place over a long distance, more than 3 meters. This is how it is customary to perform in front of an audience. Listeners can monitor speech and its accuracy.

It should be noted that in human communication people may encounter barriers. They can be social and psychological. For example, people cannot understand each other. if they speak different languages and live in different countries.

Features and specifics of communication

Considering the specifics of the exchange of information between two people, it is necessary to note that there are relationships between two (several) individuals. Each of them represents an active subject. Mutual information is also characterized by the establishment of joint activities.

Using a system of signs, partners have the opportunity to influence each other, while the “communication sign” is able to change the state of the participants in the communication process. In general, the effectiveness of communication can be measured by the extent to which this influence was achieved.

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During the exchange of information, the communicator and the recipient have a single (similar) system of codification and decodification. The signs and meanings enshrined in such a system must be known to both. In addition to the lexical and syntactic system, it is important to have the same understanding of the communication situation.

Communication also has communication barriers caused by social and psychological differences. Social differences are characterized by partners belonging to different social groups (cultures). Psychological differences are determined by the individual psychological characteristics of people entering into communication.

Information that comes from the communicator can be of two types: motivating information, suggesting a change in behavior (for example, advice, orders, requests) and establishing information (message).