Diseases of the conjunctiva: diagnosis and treatment

What is a conjunctival dermoid cyst?

A cyst is a formation on the conjunctiva. It is not filled with anything and can disappear on its own. Often noticeable only in the morning. In general, cysts are usually called dermoid (benign). In appearance it resembles a bubble.

Types: retention, dermoid

Types of conjunctival cyst:

• teratoma (hard, retention, can degenerate into malignant);
• exudative (traumatic);
• pigment (medicinal);
• congenital (developmental anomaly, has a greater predisposition to growth).

The typology of the cyst can only be determined by a specialist.

If you detect any strange formation on the conjunctiva, you should consult an ophthalmologist. You should not touch your eyes with your hands, rub or try to remove a possible cyst yourself.

A product for moisturizing and protecting the sclera - instructions for Iridina eye drops.

Cysts can often go away on their own without medical intervention.

What kind of disease is iridocyclitis read in the article.

Structure of the conjunctiva

In the absence of deviations, the mucous membrane has a light pink tint. Normally, it should be transparent, smooth and moisturized. The vascular pattern is clearly visible on the conjunctiva. If the membrane is too pale, this may indicate the development of anemia.

It is worth noting several features of the upper layer of the eyeball:

• Saturation with immunocompetent cells.
• Presence of microscopic villi.
• Increased enzyme activity.
• A large number of blood vessels.
• Increased infiltration of cellular elements.

To examine individual areas of the mucous membrane, it is necessary to turn out the eyelids. To analyze the conjunctiva of the lower eyelid, you need to look upward. In this case, the thumb is located in the center of the eyelid, about one centimeter below the eyelash line.

In babies, the connective tissue membrane is dry and thin. Because the lacrimal and mucous glands are poorly developed. For this reason, the conjunctiva of the eyelids has reduced sensitivity, which requires increased attention from the doctor during examination.

The outer covering of the eyeball consists of two elements:

• Conjunctiva of the eyelid.
• The mucous membrane of the visual apparatus.

When the “cusps” of the eye are closed, these sections are combined into the upper and lower conjunctival sac. With the eyes open, two arches are formed. The third eyelid is located in the area of ​​the inner corner of the organ of vision. It is most pronounced among representatives of Mongoloid nationality.

Although the conjunctiva resembles the mucous membrane in appearance, in fact, it is a continuation of the outer skin. In the eyelid area it is firmly connected to cartilage. The element is characterized by good blood supply, therefore, when inflammation is activated, the shell becomes red. The reason lies in the expansion of numerous blood vessels.

The branches of the trigeminal nerve approach the outer covering; as a result, with inflammatory pathologies, patients complain of pain.

Delayed complications

The main surgical risks include infection, side effects from general anesthesia, bleeding, etc.

Careful hemostasis and possible antibiotic therapy will help prevent the progression of complications.

Men who have undergone varicocele repair through surgery should understand that the following undesirable consequences may occur:

• periodic pain in the groin;
• testicular size discrepancy;
• insufficient motility of sperm and their total number.

Sometimes, long after varicocele surgery, certain problems may arise:

1. Hydrocele of the testicle after varicocele (hydrocele) surgery. It occurs only if the lymphatic vessels in the testicle were crossed during the operation. The appearance of dropsy after surgery was recorded in 9-10% of operations performed. Almost all cases are patients who underwent open surgery.
2. Pain after varicocele surgery (3-5% of cases). Discomfort can last for quite a long time (its occurrence is associated with stretching of the testicular appendages by venous blood).
3. Very rarely - testicular atrophy or hypertrophy, problems with sperm production.
4. Isolated cases of damage to the genital-femoral nerve in the inguinal canal (manifested by loss of sensation on the inner side of the thigh).
5. Sometimes after surgery the veins still remain dilated. In this case, a repeat operation or correction may be prescribed.
6. Rarely, surgery can negatively affect the amount of testosterone produced.
7. Recurrence of the disease is also possible (25-40% - relapse after open surgery, 10-15% chance of disease return after the endovascular method, endoscopic method - 10% chance of relapse, microsurgical treatment - 2%). Children are more likely to have the blood flow problem return.

Pain after varicocele surgery, slight swelling and hyperemia of the skin in the first hours are considered normal and gradually disappear on their own. For severe pain discomfort, patients are prescribed analgesics.

Warning symptoms should include:

• fever,
• severe swelling of the scrotum on the operated side,
• purulent discharge from postoperative sutures,
• severe nagging pain in the groin.

READ MORE: How much does the stitch hurt after varicocele?

The most dangerous early complication is considered to be swelling after surgery of varicocele on the operated side.

The rehabilitation period has ended successfully, the stitches have been removed, but even in this case there is no need to relax. Late postoperative complications may also develop:

1. Dropsy. The testicle on the operated side increases significantly in size, and upon palpation in the scrotum, watery contents will be detected. This only occurs during intervention using the Ivanissevich method, when there is a high risk of damage to the lymphatic vessels.
2. Prolonged one-sided pain in the groin, aggravated by erection, appears if nerve fibers are damaged.
3. Testicular atrophy is a dangerous consequence in which the organ atrophies and sperm production completely stops. Difficult to restore.
4. Development of relapse. After resection of the altered vessel, another section of the vein may swell, re-provoking stagnation of blood and lymph in the testicle.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62KmqCqVzeU

Medical statistics show that most postoperative complications arise not through the fault of surgeons, but because the patient did not follow medical recommendations.

Causes of dry eye syndrome

Dry eyes can occur in people prone to chronic rheumatic diseases of unknown cause - idiopathic dry eye syndrome. Most often, xerophthalmia occurs with Sjögren's syndrome. Associated symptoms include a feeling of dry mouth, trouble chewing and swallowing food, difficulty speaking, dental caries, enlarged salivary glands, changes in lymph nodes in the lungs, kidneys or liver, as well as arthritis and white finger syndrome. Useful in diagnosis is the determination of autoantibodies ANA, anti-Ro, anti-La and a biopsy of the salivary gland.

Xerophthalmia can also occur during autoimmune bullous syndromes. During the development of these diseases, pathological scarring of the conjunctiva, formation of adhesions in the conjunctiva, as well as drying of the surface of the cornea and desquamation of the corneal epithelium occur. This occurs as a result of the development of an inflammatory process that enhances the activity of the lacrimal glands. Cells of the body's own appear, aimed at destroying properly constructed and functioning cells that secrete tears. All the mechanisms that cause autoimmune reactions in the human body have not been studied exactly, but experimental studies are being conducted to look for the causes. With the current level of knowledge, treatment of such conditions, like other autoimmune diseases, is only symptomatic and is aimed at inhibiting the destruction of lacrimal gland cells.

Another culprit of dry eye syndrome can be extensive burns of the conjunctiva. As a result of this condition, scarring of the conjunctival tissue occurs, disruption of the functions and structure of goblet cells, and their number in the mucous membrane decreases. This entails consequences in the form of a reduced amount of mucus. The unstable composition of the tear film makes it difficult to retain it on the surface of the eye. As a result, the eyeball dries out , despite sometimes increased secretion of tears.

Another disease that can lead to the development of dry eye syndrome is trachoma, that is, chronic bacterial conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Once called Egyptian eye inflammation, it is now virtually eliminated in Europe and North America, but is common in underdeveloped countries in Africa, Asia and South America, in environments with poor hygiene. The development of tourism and large migration of people have led to the fact that this disease is increasingly affecting countries with a high level of development. The initial stages of trachoma are characterized by the appearance of so-called needles or yellowish outgrowths on the conjunctiva, especially the upper eyelids. As the disease progresses, the number of lumps systematically increases, changes color to intense yellow, and their consistency resembles jelly.

Speaking about the causes of dry eye syndrome, we must not forget about the neurogenic causes of disorders of the endocrine and tear-forming systems. This is affected by damage to the facial nerve (VII) and trigeminal nerve. The development of dry eye syndrome causes paralysis of the facial nerve, which occurs with damage to the muscle responsible for closing the palpebral fissure. A constantly raised upper eyelid causes the surface of the eyeball to dry out, which, even despite the increased secretion of tears, gives an unpleasant feeling of dryness in the eye , irritation of the conjunctiva or sand under the eyelid.

Other causes of tear secretion disorders include:

• too low blink rate (for example, when working on a computer, reading, driving a car, watching TV);
• being in smoky rooms, with central heating, air conditioning, in the wind;
• environmental pollution with industrial gases and dust;
• poorly treated conjunctival diseases;
• pregnancy;
• stress;
• conjunctival scars;
• abuse of eye drops containing preservatives;
• vitamin A deficiency;
• old age;
• wearing contact lenses;
• menopause (in particular, a decrease in estrogen levels, which can be corrected with hormone replacement therapy);
• taking birth control pills;
• taking certain antiallergic and psychotropic drugs;
• some diseases (diabetes mellitus, seborrhea, acne, thyroid diseases).

Causes

A conjunctival cyst can occur due to:

• fibrosis after conjunctivitis;
• eye injuries;
• surgical intervention;
• scleritis;
• genetic factors.

The tumor may appear for no apparent reason or from simple rubbing of the eye.

Determining the cause of the cyst is important to determine its type and prescribe further therapy.

Smart correction - which glasses lenses are best to choose.

Tonometry

Find out when the prescription of Catarax eye drops is indicated here.

What happens after surgery?

It is believed that complications after varicocele surgery are quite rare.

Basically, they are caused by the careless work of the doctor or unexpected difficulties that arise during the operation. However, you should not ignore all possible risks.

Sometimes after varicocele surgery the following consequences are possible:

• small hematomas;
• skin redness;
• swelling of the tissue around the incisions;
• There may be pinkish or clear discharge from the wound.

Such symptoms are considered normal and do not require medical intervention.

It's easier to prevent than to treat. Find out the causes of varicocele so you don't have to resort to surgery. A drug that improves blood circulation, Troxerutin, reviews of which you can read in our material, helps with many venous diseases.

But sometimes the following symptoms may occur:

• prolonged fever after surgery;
• severe pain in the testicles, swelling, descending redness;
• yellowish, brown discharge from the wound, smells unpleasant;
• enlargement of the scrotum on the side where surgery was performed (lymph stagnation occurs).

Symptoms and diagnosis

You can suspect the presence of a cyst based on the following signs:

• visual presence of yellow or brown spots on the white of the eye;
• tearfulness;
• pain in the eyes;
• discomfort;
• redness of the white;
• movement of the eyeball may occur;
• sometimes there is a cloudy spot in visual perception.

Sometimes the cyst does not manifest itself in any way other than being visible on the sclera. Even if other symptoms are not felt, you should consult a specialist.

When an invisible enemy creates noticeable problems - eye demodicosis symptoms and treatment.

Tearfulness is one of the first signs of cyst development

Diagnosing education is not difficult. This is done by using:

• visual inspection;
• ophthalmoscopy;
• visometry;
• tonometry;
• biomicroscopy;
• histology and biopsy of the material (after removal).

Tissue examination after separation of the cyst is necessary to determine the atypicality of the formation.

How to treat retinal dystrophy is described in detail in the article.

Retention view

Before starting treatment, carefully read the instructions - instructions for using Katachrom eye drops.

Conjunctival dystrophy

Pinguecula (wen)

Pinguecula is a limited thickening of the conjunctiva that appears in the area of ​​the inner edge of the cornea.

It occurs in older people as a result of eye irritation by external factors. The pathology may look like a small cosmetic defect. Removed in rare cases, at the request of the patient.

Pterygium

Pterygium (or pterygoid pleura) is an analogue of the mucous membrane of the eyeball, has a triangular shape and grows into the surface of the cornea from the side of the nose. The reason is mechanical, chemical irritants, long exposure to the sun without dark glasses.

The non-progressive form of pterygium does not require surgical treatment.

The progressive form of the pterygoid pleura begins to grow towards the center of the eye. Due to this growth, the following symptoms appear: redness and irritation of the eye, watery eyes, decreased vision due to astigmatism. In such a situation, surgery is necessary.

1 Diagnosis and treatment of conjunctivitis

2 Diagnosis and treatment of conjunctivitis

3 Treatment of conjunctivitis

Dry eye syndrome

Dry eye syndrome is a violation of the wetting of the surface of the eye due to changes in the quantity and quality of tear fluid, as well as rapid evaporation of the tear film.

Our eye is protected by an ultra-thin, three-layer tear film. The top oily layer allows the upper eyelid to glide over the surface of the eye and prevents the other two layers from drying out.

The middle layer (aqueous, with electrolytes) supplies the cornea with nutrients, protects the eye and flushes foreign bodies out of it.

The third mucin layer ensures the smooth surface of the cornea and maintains clear vision. Violation of the stability of the tear film leads to dryness of the surface of the conjunctiva and cornea and the appearance of dry eye syndrome.

This pathology is called the “disease of civilization”, since long hours of work at the computer, unhumidified air from air conditioners and prolonged wearing of contact lenses greatly contribute to the appearance of the disease.

Other causes of dry eye syndrome can be: endocrine disorders, pathology of the visual organs, connective tissue diseases, vitamin deficiency, and the use of certain medications.

Symptoms of dry eye syndrome:

The following signs of dry eye syndrome can be identified:

• feeling of sand in the eyes, dryness and pain (may increase at the end of the day);
• redness of the eyes;
• blurred vision that disappears when blinking;
• eye discomfort after reading or working at the computer.

Treatment methods for dermoid on the eye

The choice of dermoid treatment method depends on:

• localization of education;
• quantities;
• extent of distribution;
• reasons for occurrence.

Medication

Conservative treatment includes:

• eye drops;
• antibiotics;
• glucocorticosteroids;
• trichloroacetylic acid injections.

The following are prescribed as eye drops:

• moisturizing (Defislez, Alkon Systane, Slezin);
• anti-inflammatory (Dexamethasone, Inndocollir, Tobradex).

During treatment of a conjunctival cyst, it is forbidden to use contact lenses to avoid additional infection.

To prevent dry eye syndrome from interfering with your life and work, use Cationorm eye drops.

Differential diagnosis

Operations

If there is no effect from conservative methods, the patient may be indicated for surgery:

• surgical;
• laser

Surgical intervention:

• carried out in the presence of a voluminous education;
• Before surgery, local anesthesia and contrast agent are administered;
• the painted area is removed and a self-absorbing suture is applied;
• In some cases, plastic surgery is performed.

Laser Application:

• necessary for small-sized formations;
• the affected area is cauterized with a special beam.

Artificial tears will help relieve discomfort

Advantages of laser surgery:

• short rehabilitation period;
• absence of cosmetic defect;
• bactericidal, anti-inflammatory effect;
• there is no chance of infection;
• passes almost always without complications.

This method is not used for large lesions due to the risk of burning the conjunctiva. The contents heat up and the cyst may rupture.

After any intervention, the patient is prescribed a gentle regime and anti-inflammatory therapy. Forbidden:

• lift weights;
• visit the pool and sauna;
• use cosmetics;
• wear contact lenses.

In some cases, treatment of the cyst is not indicated for the patient. Regular outpatient monitoring and specialist supervision are carried out. Even after removal, the risk of pathology returning remains.

The tumor may fester. Inspections should be performed as often as possible.

Read what the diagnostic method of keratometry is here.

Non-steroidal pain reliever

Treatment of the disease

Eye drops are necessary for the patient if the formation is infectious. If the cyst is small, does not grow and does not cause danger, therapy is not prescribed. The patient needs to monitor its condition; there is a high probability that the formation is spontaneous and will disappear on its own. Treatment is necessary if the disease has an infectious etiology. In this case, anti-inflammatory drops are prescribed. The goal of the treatment course is to stop the process, and the cyst disappears over time.

If the formations are large, they should be removed. A safe method is laser surgery. With its help, the doctor performs a non-contact opening of small retention cysts of the eyelids and conjunctiva. The entire body of the formation is removed with a beam and the area is sanitized. It is very important to cleanse the membrane of pathological components, otherwise there is a risk of relapse. The operation is performed under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. The risk of complications is practically reduced to zero. The excised material is sent for histology to exclude the development of cancer.

Symptoms of damage to the conjunctiva of the eye

The immediate manifestations of conjunctival pathologies depend on the pathological process itself. Among them are:

• Pain in the eye area, aggravated by blinking movements;
• Conjunctival hyperemia due to vasodilation;
• Change in the nature of the discharge (appearance of pus, etc.);
• Itching and burning;
• Increased amount of tear fluid;
• Neoplasm on the surface of the conjunctiva;
• Dry mucous membrane associated with dystrophy.

What is the danger of the disease

The appearance of a conjunctival cyst in itself is not dangerous. Neglected forms may result in:

• tumor growth;
• visual impairment;
• increased intraocular pressure;
• degeneration of pathology into a malignant form.

Any non-standard formation on the sclera of the eye must be shown to a specialist.

If there is a need or a bad family history, it is better to remove the cyst immediately to avoid consequences.

An examination will help you quickly and correctly establish a diagnosis.

A dangerous disease that cannot be left untreated is keratopathy.

Structure of the conjunctiva

The conjunctiva is the thin mucous membrane that lines the back surface of the eyelids and the front surface of the eyeball up to the cornea.
The conjunctiva is a mucous membrane richly supplied with blood vessels and nerves. She easily responds to any irritation. The conjunctiva performs protective, moisturizing, trophic and barrier functions. The conjunctiva forms a slit-like cavity (bag) between the eyelid and the eye, which contains the capillary layer of tear fluid. In the medial direction, the conjunctival sac reaches the inner corner of the eye, where the lacrimal caruncle and the semilunar fold of the conjunctiva (vestigial third eyelid) are located. Laterally, the border of the conjunctival sac extends beyond the outer corner of the eyelids.

There are 3 sections of the conjunctiva:

• conjunctiva of the eyelids,
• conjunctiva of the fornix (superior and inferior)
• conjunctiva of the eyeball.

Varieties

There are several types of the disease in question. Each person has a specific treatment program.

• Exudative. It is a consequence of glaucoma.
• Congenital. Appears due to the separation of part of the iris, which protrudes beyond the mucous membrane.
• Traumatic. Damage leads to it. For example, during impacts or as a result of surgical work.
• Post-inflammatory. It originates from illiterate treatment of concomitant diseases.
• Spontaneous. The reasons for the appearance cannot be determined. Such a cyst is usually transparent, and its relative inconspicuousness makes it difficult to detect.
• Dermoid. Solid in consistency. Characterized by disturbances in the development and order of movement of epithelial cells. As a result, vision deteriorates and the eyeball becomes displaced. Often occurs against the background of Goldenhar syndrome (for example, certain abnormalities of the ears).
• Pigmentary. It is provoked by potent anticholinesterase drugs designed to reduce intraocular pressure. As a rule, for recovery it is enough for the drug to stop entering the body.
• Retentional. The most harmless form. This is a thin-walled bubble filled with colorless contents. In most cases it disappears on its own. It only causes discomfort when it is located in the center of the organ.

Single and multiple cysts are also distinguished. The former affect the upper or lower part of the eyeball, the latter, the proximal fornix of the conjunctiva.

Functions

The conjunctiva is responsible for implementing the secretory and protective functions of the eyeball. Moreover, while the protective function is provided by the extensive coverage of the eye by this membrane, the coordinated work of all types of glands located in the conjunctiva is responsible for the secretory component.

Thanks to this work of the main glands that produce mucin, additional sebaceous and lacrimal glands, the eyeball is provided with maximum comfort during life. After all, mucin in combination with tear fluid forms the presence of a permanent tear film on the surface of the eye, which protects the eyeball from dust and small particles of debris, and also ensures its constant sufficient hydration.

Therefore, at the slightest disturbance in the normal functioning of the conjunctiva, a person first of all feels a kind of dryness in the eyes, something is constantly bothering him and it seems that his eyes are covered with sand.

Prognosis and prevention

The prognosis for detecting a conjunctival cyst is favorable. If you consult an ophthalmologist in time, you can avoid any consequences. Preventive measures include:

• compliance with hygiene standards and rules (removing makeup, prohibiting rubbing eyes with hands, etc.);
• timely examinations by a specialist;
• regular replacement of contact lenses when using this method of vision correction;
• self-massage.

We also recommend that you read our article which will tell you how to put on lenses for the first time.

If the disease is manifested in relatives, the patient must consult an ophthalmologist at least 2 times a year.

After surgery it is not recommended to swim in the pool

Recovery after surgery

Varicocele is a common disease that often occurs in men of all ages. Its diagnosis is possible as early as 10 years of age, if appropriate symptoms are present. Thus, timely detection of vascular dilation in the area of ​​the spermatic cord increases the possibility of a positive outcome of the chosen method of eliminating pathology and preventing infertility in a man.

Proper recovery after varicocele surgery increases the chances of a successful treatment prognosis.

The first and most important factor influencing the duration of rehabilitation after surgery is the man’s age. The features of the chosen treatment method are taken into account.

If a Palomo or Ivanissevich operation is performed, which involves excision of a vein, the recovery period can last up to 3 weeks or more.

Endovascular treatment involves blocking dilated vessels using special devices (balloons, spirals). Full or partial recovery occurs within a few days after the procedure.

Microsurgery is convenient because the patient’s well-being noticeably improves within 2–5 days. It all depends on the exact fulfillment of all the doctor’s instructions during the rehabilitation period.

The overall positive dynamics of recovery depends on the absence of swelling and pain, and the appearance of dropsy in the problem area. Improving sperm count is very important.

Even if the patient tolerated the operation well and feels satisfactory on the first day, he should spend as much time as possible in a lying position.

At the slightest fatigue, complete rest and maximum inactivity are indicated. Prolonged sleep contributes to a speedy recovery.

As for the diet, it may include foods familiar to a man. If you have an upset stomach, it is recommended to eat soft foods that contain a small amount of fat. These are fermented milk products, chicken meat, boiled rice, fresh vegetables and fruits.

During the recovery period after varicocele, patients complain of irregular bowel movements. It is important to improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract as soon as possible, since strain during bowel movements can cause pain and discomfort. In some cases, your doctor will prescribe a mild laxative.

A cold compress or ice that is applied for 10 to 15 minutes, no more, is good for reducing pain after surgery in the groin area. Be sure to have a soft cloth between the skin and the compress.

Regular examination and compliance with all instructions from your doctor will be a key part of a speedy recovery from varicocele. At the slightest deterioration in health, a trip to a medical facility is inevitable.

First, we propose to define what a varicocele is?

This is an exclusively male disease associated with impaired blood flow in the testicles.

The vessels in this organ have a characteristic feature - they form a pampiniform plexus, which receives blood from the testicle and vas deferens. This plexus forms the testicular vein, from which blood enters the abdominal cavity.

However, for certain reasons (weak vessel walls, pressure), blood flow in the testicle worsens and blood stagnation occurs, the temperature in the genital organ rises, sperm die, and testicular necrosis occurs.

According to statistics, 15-17% of men develop varicocele. 35% of cases of varicocele are diagnosed using ultrasound in men who have reached puberty. The largest number of onset of the disease was recorded in adolescents (14-15 years old) – 19.3%.

If detected in time, the disease can be treated. In the initial stages, it is enough to eliminate the accompanying cause (for example, varicose veins).

At stages 3-4 of the disease, treatment is exclusively surgical.

Surgical intervention for varicocele is not very difficult and recovery after varicocele surgery occurs quickly and without any problems.

The patient can be discharged to home rest in a day or two (usually it is recommended to stay at home for 7-10 days). However, each case is individual, sometimes it is necessary to keep the patient in the clinic longer.

On an outpatient basis, the patient visits the doctor after a month, six months, a year and a half. An examination and spermogram are carried out. The doctor gives general recommendations regarding physical. loads and preventive measures.

The recovery period depends on the type of operation performed (for example, surgery using the Ivanissevich method requires 7-14 rehabilitation days, endovascular surgery - 1-2 days, microsurgical varicelectomy - 2-3 days).

Also, the period will depend on the age of the patient (the higher the age group, the longer the recovery takes).

Rehabilitation after varicocele surgery includes:

• selection of a suitable mode of sexual and physical activity;
• therapy to prevent inflammation;
• further methods will depend on the success of healing and restoration of the testicle.

The duration of the recovery period depends on the technique of the intervention:

• according to Ivanissevich – 1–2 weeks,
• microsurgery – 2–3 days,
• laparoscopy – 1–2 days,
• endovascularization – no more than a day.

But this does not mean that after the specified period a man can completely return to his usual lifestyle. For 30 days, you must limit the following:

1. Lifting weights. You are allowed to lift no more than 4 kg. If the work involves physical labor, then for this period the sick are given a recommendation to the employer about providing easier conditions or are issued a sick leave.
2. Sports activities. Running, cycling or strength training can cause late complications.
3. Sexual activity. Having sex or masturbation after varicocele surgery is prohibited for at least 3 weeks. This is not due to erectile dysfunction, but to the fact that in case of premature sexual contact, the vein of the spermatic cord will cause painful discomfort when a large amount of blood flows.
4. Overheat. It is forbidden to visit baths and saunas, and a bath can only be taken on the 5th day after varicocelectomy.

READ MORE: What not to do after cataract eye surgery Do's and don'ts Studies have shown that the spermogram, regardless of the type of intervention, improves after about a month. The same amount of time is required to restore full blood flow in the testicle.

Even if a man does not experience discomfort after surgery, this is not a reason to assume that a complete cure has occurred. Neglect of medical recommendations often provokes the development of late postoperative complications.

Diagnosis and treatment of eye conjunctival disease

Diagnosis of the condition of the conjunctiva is carried out in several stages:

1. Anamnesis collection. These are complaints from the patient or his close relatives, based on which the doctor can suggest which area needs to be examined.
2. Examination of the affected area using a slit lamp. The doctor evaluates the quality of the mucous membrane in various areas. Examines microcirculation vessels. Minor bleeding may appear in the most remote corners. The doctor looks to see if there are clear or purulent discharge or various injuries.
3. To exclude internal damage, it is recommended to examine the fundus of the eye after instilling drops that disrupt the accommodation of the pupil.
4. If the doctor suspects a bacterial cause of inflammation of the conjunctival membrane, it is recommended to conduct a test to determine the pathogen. After its identification, a test is carried out to determine its sensitivity to various antibiotics. This prevents the development of superinfection if the wrong drug is used.
5. If the doctor assumes the viral nature of the disease, it is recommended to undergo tests using ELISA, PCR. They accurately identify the strain of the virus.

After receiving diagnostic data, the doctor can prescribe treatment. It is recommended to replace products with analogues only after consultation with a specialist. The most commonly prescribed drugs are:

• antiseptics, antibiotics - used in the form of drops or ointments for no more than 7-10 days;
• hormonal substances - used only as prescribed by a doctor; if a large amount of the substance enters the blood, side effects may occur, including hormonal imbalance;
• rinsing with saline solution – independent use of the product is possible, since it is not absorbed into the bloodstream and does not affect the body systemically;
• surgical treatment methods - used for fusion of the conjunctiva with the eyeball or eyelids.

After the full course of treatment, it is recommended to consult your doctor again to be sure of a complete cure. He will repeat the diagnostic tests and may change the course of treatment or cancel it completely if the disease goes away. This will prevent the risk of further complications.

Feedback on treatment results

Reviews from patients indicate that the choice of treatment method for conjunctival cysts is purely individual. Surgical intervention or drug treatment is based on determining the size of the formation and the degree of spread.

• Marina, 34 years old, Olenegorsk: “I treated a conjunctival cyst twice. The first time - with the help of drops. It resolved quite quickly. It’s just not clear: spontaneously or due to the effects of the drug. Now I had to have surgery because the pathology had returned. It went by very quickly. There’s nothing left anymore.”
• Vladimir, 40 years old, Nizhny Novgorod: “The cyst appeared not so long ago. It grew very quickly. It became difficult and painful to watch. The doctor decided to perform surgery. After it, the eye began to look terrible. I had to resort to plastic surgery. Everything is fine now, I hope there will be no relapse.”
• Svetlana, 58 years old, Saransk: “My grandson has a small lesion on the white of his eye. They showed him to the ophthalmologist. It turned out that it was a cyst. The doctor recommended not to use anything for now. And he turned out to be right. The cyst resolved on its own in just a couple of weeks.”

See the world with healthy eyes

Specifics of treatment in children

Preschoolers and newborns are more susceptible to developing dermoid cysts than adults. The reason is a violation of the development of the embryo. Drops and ointments will not help here. The patient’s readiness to “go under the scalpel” is determined by the ophthalmologist to whom the parents register the baby.

During a fifteen-minute operation performed on a child under seven years of age, general anesthesia is used. Local anesthesia is used for older children. In a boy or girl, conjunctival cystosis requires regular monitoring in the hospital. There is a risk of developing astigmatism, strabismus, and amblyopia.